Greek Alphabet

Greek letters, LaTeX symbols, and their common uses in math, physics, and statistics.

ΑαAlpha\alpha

Angles, alpha particles, significance level

ΒβBeta\beta

Beta particles, regression coefficients, type II error

ΓγGamma\gamma

Gamma function, Lorentz factor, photons

ΔδDelta\delta

Change/difference (Δ), small quantities (δ), Dirac delta

ΕεEpsilon\epsilon

Small quantities, permittivity, error

ΖζZeta\zeta

Riemann zeta function, damping ratio

ΗηEta\eta

Efficiency, viscosity, learning rate (ML)

ΘθTheta\theta

Angles, temperature (θ), Big-Theta complexity

ΙιIota\iota

Small quantities (rarely used)

ΚκKappa\kappa

Curvature, dielectric constant, condition number

ΛλLambda\lambda

Wavelength, eigenvalues, Poisson rate, Lambda calculus

ΜμMu\mu

Mean (μ), micro- prefix (μm), friction coefficient

ΝνNu\nu

Frequency (ν), kinematic viscosity

ΞξXi\xi

Random variable, Xi baryon

ΟοOmicrono

Rarely used (looks like O)

ΠπPi\pi

π ≈ 3.14159, product operator (Π)

ΡρRho\rho

Density (ρ), resistivity, correlation coefficient

ΣσSigma\sigma

Summation (Σ), standard deviation (σ), Stefan-Boltzmann constant

ΤτTau\tau

Time constant (τ), torque, τ = 2π

ΥυUpsilon\upsilon

Rarely used in science

ΦφPhi\phi

Golden ratio φ, wave function, angle, magnetic flux

ΧχChi\chi

Chi-squared test (χ²), chi distribution

ΨψPsi\psi

Quantum wave function (ψ), polygamma function

ΩωOmega\omega

Ohms (Ω), angular frequency (ω), Big-Omega complexity